Single women or lesbian couples who want to have a baby may also consider DI. DI can also be used if the man has certain genetic diseases that he does not want to pass on to his children. DI is done when the male partner has no sperm or when the sperm quality is so low that his sperm cannot be used for conception, and in vitro fertilization is not an option. IUI is used when couples use sperm from a man who is not the woman’s partner to have a baby. The sperm may be thawed later and used for IUI. Men may collect and freeze (cryopreserve) their sperm for future use before having a vasectomy, testicular surgery, or radiation/chemotherapy treatment for cancer. Most of the time women who do not release an egg regularly (ovulate) can become pregnant through intercourse. Also, IUI may help if the man has an abnormal urethral opening (opening of the penis). Prior surgeries or medical conditions, such as diabetes, can cause retrograde ejaculation. For example, retrograde ejaculation is when the sperm are released backward into the bladder, instead of through the penis, at the time of male orgasm. IUI can also be used for couples in which the male partner cannot become or stay erect or is not able to ejaculate effectively, or at all. IUI can also assist when a woman has a cervix that is shaped abnormally in a way that prevents the passage of sperm. This may be seen in women who have had surgery on their cervix (cryosurgery, cone biopsy, Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, etc.). IUI is helpful when a woman’s cervix has scarring that prevents the sperm from entering the uterus from the vagina. The goal is to increase the chance of prenangy by putting more sperm in contact wtih more eggs. Infertile women sometimes take medications (by mouth or as an injection) that cause their ovaries to mature several eggs at once.
The most common use for IUI is when no cause for the infertility is found. There are many reasons why couples experience difficulty getting pregnant. The goal of this procedure is to improve a woman’s chance of getting pregnant. This makes the passage to the fallopian tubes much shorter, and there is a better chance that more sperm will encounter the egg. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a procedure that places sperm past the cervix and in a woman’s uterus around the time of ovulation. This means that only a small percentage of the sperm in the ejaculate actually make their way into the fallopian tubes. The cervix naturally limits the number of sperm that enter the uterus. If sperm arrive in a tube soon after the release of the egg from the ovary (ovulation) the sperm and egg can meet and unite (fertilization) in the tube. When a woman conceives naturally, sperm travel from the vagina through the cervix (narrow, lower part of the womb), into the uterus (womb), and up into one of the fallopian tubes.
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